WAME eLearning Program Sections, Authors, and References: VI. Business and Legal Aspects of Scientific Publish
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1. Journal Business Models
Phaedra E. Cress, Senior Director, Publishing and Global Partnerships, The Aesthetic Society
Margaret A. Winker, MD; Trustee and Past President, WAME
- Types of journal business models and choosing the best fit for yours, implications of limiting access to articles, requiring institutions or authors to pay, or accepting journal support from institutions, governments, or non-governmental organizations (NGOs); business implications of preprints and third party servers for subscription models
References
1. COPE, DOAJ, OASPA, WAME. Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing — English. Version 4.0. https://doi.org/10.24318/cope.2019.1.12. https://wame.org/principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishingAccessed January 21, 2024.
2. Zielinski C, Winker MA, Aggarwal R, Ferris LE, Heinemann M, Lapeña JF, Pai SA, Ing E, Citrome L, Alam M, Voight M, Habibzadeh F, for the WAME Board. Chatbots, Generative AI, and Scholarly Manuscripts. WAME Recommendations on Chatbots and Generative Artificial Intelligence in Relation to Scholarly Publications. WAME. May 31, 2023. https://wame.org/page3.php?id=106 Accessed January 29, 2024.
3. Think. Check. Submit. https://thinkchecksubmit.org Accessed January 29, 2024.
4. Laine C, Winker M. Identifying Predatory or Pseudo-Journals. WAME. February 18, 2017. http://wame.org/identifying-predatory-or-pseudo-journals Accessed January 21, 2024.
5. Predatory Reports. Cabells. https://cabells.com/predatory-criteria-v1 Accessed January 21, 2024.
6. University of London, Research Funders' Open Access Policies. http://www.ucl.ac.uk/library/open-access/research-funders Accessed January 21, 2024.
7. Scientific Publishing and Sharing Research Materials, Data, and Software. Howard Hughes Medical Institute. https://www.hhmi.org/about/policies/scientific-publishing Accessed January 21, 2024.
8. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Open Access Policy. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/policies-and-resources/open-access-policy Accessed January 21, 2024.
9. Plan S. https://www.coalition-s.org Accessed January 21, 2024.
10. Nelson M. Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies. Office of Science and Technology Policy. U.S. Executive Office of the President. August 25, 2022. https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/08-2022-OSTP-Public-Access-Memo.pdf Accessed January 21, 2024.
1 Sherpa Romeo. https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/ Accessed January 21, 2024.
12. 3. Preprints. Overlapping Publications. ICMJE. https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/publishing-and-editorial-issues/overlapping-publications.html#three Accessed January 21, 2024.
13. Preprints. COPE. https://publicationethics.org/resources/discussion-documents/preprints-march-2018 Accessed January 21, 2024.
14. F1000. https://f1000research.com/ Accessed January 21, 2024.
15. Else H. What Sci-Hub’s latest court battle means for research. Nature. December 13, 202 https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-03659-0 Accessed January 21, 2024.
16. Cress P. Clever emails from ResearchGate encourage authors to breach copyright law. Aesthetic Surgery Journal. 2021;41(7): 854-858. https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjab205
17. Gunn IP. Death of a journal: lost opportunities, new challenges, or both? CRNA. 2000;11(4):197-20 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11866028/ Accessed January 21, 2024.
18. Martín-Martín A, Costas R, van Leeuwen T, Delgado López-Cózar E. Evidence of open access of scientific publications in Google Scholar: A large-scale analysis. J Informetrics. 2018;12(3):819-84 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2018.06.012
19. ScienceDirect. Elsevier. https://www.elsevier.com/solutions/sciencedirect/content/journal-collections Accessed January 21, 2024.
20. McKenzie L. ‘Big Deal’ Cancellations Gain Momentum. Inside Higher Ed. May 8, 2018. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2018/05/08/more-institutions-consider-ending-their-big-deals-publishers Accessed January 21, 2024.
2 Big Deal Cancellation Tracking. SPARC. https://sparcopen.org/our-work/big-deal-cancellation-tracking/ Accessed January 21, 2024.
22. Kim J. 3 Questions on Academic Library Budgets for an Assessment and Planning Librarian. Inside Higher Ed. January 31, 2023. https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/learning-innovation/3-questions-academic-library-budgets-assessment-and-planning-librarian Accessed January 21, 2024.
23. Janicke Hinchliffe L. Transformative Agreements: A Primer. The Scholarly Kitchen. April 23, 2019. https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2019/04/23/transformative-agreements/ Accessed January 21, 2024.
24. Anderson K. Supply, Demand, and the Subscription Model in Scholarly Publishing—An Analysis. February 22, 2017. Scholarly Kitchen. https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2017/02/22/supply-demand-subscription-model-scholarly-publishing-analysis/ Accessed January 21, 2024.
25. HINARI. Information Resources. WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. https://www.emro.who.int/information-resources/hinari/ Accessed January 21, 2024.
26. Eligibility for access to Research4Life. Research4Life. https://www.research4life.org/access/eligibility/ Accessed January 21, 2024.
27. Open Access. SPARC. https://sparcopen.org/open-access/ Accessed January 21, 2024.
28. Suber P. Gratis and libre open access. SPARC Open Access Newsletter. August 2, 2008. https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/4322580/suber_oagratis.html?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Accessed January 28, 2024.
29. Share your work. Creative Commons. https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/ Accessed January 21, 2024.
30. Publishing options. Nature. https://www.nature.com/nature/for-authors/publishing-options Accessed January 21, 2024.
3 Morrison H, Borges L, Zhao X, Kakou TL, Shanbhoug AM. Open access article processing charges 2011 – 2021. Sustaining the Knowledge Commons. 2001. https://ruor.uottawa.ca/handle/10393/42327 [Preprint] Accessed January 29, 2024.
32. Solomon DJ, Bjork B-C. A study of open access journals using article processing charges. J Assoc Info Scie Tech. 2012;63(8):1485-1495.
33. New Business Plan Toolkit for OA Journals. SPARC Europe. January 28, 2016. https://sparceurope.org/new-business-plan-toolkit-for-oa-journals/ Accessed January 21, 2024.
34. Doyle H, Gass A, Kennison R. Open Access and Scientific Societies. PLOS Biol. 2004;2(5):e156. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020156
35. Björk BC, Solomon D. Open access versus subscription journals: a comparison of scientific impact. BMC Med. 2012;10:73. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-10-73.
36. Guindon AGE, Lavis JN, Becerra-Posada F, Malek-Afzali H, Guang Shi, Ashok C, Yesudian K, Hoffman SJ. Bridging the gaps between research, policy and practice in low- and middle-income countries: a survey of health care providers. CMAJ. 2010;182(9):E362-E372. DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.081165
37. Moorhead LL, Holzmeyer C, Maggio LA, Steinberg RM, Willinsky J. In an Age of Open Access to Research Policies: Physician and Public Health NGO Staff Research Use and Policy Awareness. PLOS One. 2015;10(7):e0129708. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0129708
38. Björk BC. Growth of hybrid open access, 2009-2016. PeerJ. 2017 Sep 29;5:e3878. doi: 10.7717/peerj.3878.
39. Pinfield S, Salter J, Bath PA. The “total cost of publication” in a hybrid open‐access environment: Institutional approaches to funding journal article‐processing charges in combination with subscriptions. J Assoc Info Scie Tech. 2016; 67(7):1751–1766.
40. The Jisc-Approved Transformative Journal List. Sherpa. https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/tjlists.html Accessed January 21, 2024.
2. Other Potential Revenue Sources
Phaedra E. Cress, Senior Director, Publishing and Global Partnerships, The Aesthetic Society
- Other potential journal revenue sources, such as advertising, special issues, continuing education credits, or selling reprints, and their pros and cons; ethical and administrative issues
References
1. Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing. WAME. https://wame.org/principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing. Accessed January 21, 2024.
2. Digital/Web Advertising Placement Information and Material Spec Sheet. JAMA Network. https://jamanetwork.com/DocumentLibrary/Advertising/Digital-Online_Advertising_SpecSheet.pdf Accessed January 21, 2024.
3. Advertising. ICMJE. http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/publishing-and-editorial-issues/advertising.html Accessed January 21, 2024.
4. Advertising. In: Recommendations on Publication Ethics Policies for Medical Journals. WAME. http://wame.org/recommendations-on-publication-ethics-policies-for-medical-journals#Advertising Accessed January 21, 2024.
5. The PLOS Medicine Editors. PLoS Medicine and the Pharmaceutical Industry. PLoS Medicine. 2006;3(7): e329. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030329
6. Aesthetic Surgery Journal Thematic Issues. Aesthet Surg J. https://academic.oup.com/asj/pages/thematic_issues. Accessed January 21, 2024.
7. Wedzicha JA, Steinbrook R, Kassirer JP. Should medical journals publish sponsored content? BMJ 2014;348:g352. https://www.bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g352 Accessed January 21, 2024.
8. Kincaid E. Wiley and Hindawi to retract 1,200 more papers for compromised peer review. Retraction Watch. April 5, 2023. https://retractionwatch.com/2023/04/05/wiley-and-hindawi-to-retract-1200-more-papers-for-compromised-peer-review/ Accessed January 21, 2024.
9. Oransky I. ‘Galling’: Journal scammed by guest editor impersonator. June 18, 2021. Retraction Watch. https://retractionwatch.com/2021/06/18/galling-journal-scammed-by-guest-editor-impersonator Accessed January 21, 2024.
10. Guest edited collections best practice. Discussion Document. COPE. May 1, 2023. https://publicationethics.org/resources/discussion-documents/guest-edited-collections Accessed January 21, 2024.
11. Supplements, Theme Issues, and Special Series. ICMJE. http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/publishing-and-editorial-issues/supplements-theme-issues-and-special-series.html Accessed January 21, 2024.
12. 2.1.7 Supplements, Special Series, or Calls for Papers. 2.1 Editor Roles and Responsibilities. Council of Science Editors. https://cse.memberclicks.net/2-1-editor-roles-and-responsibilities#SupplementsSpecialSeriesorCallsforPapers Accessed January 21, 2024.
13. Reprints. NEJM. http://www.nejm.org/page/about-nejm/reprints Accessed January 21, 2024.
14. Smith R. Medical Journals Are an Extension of the Marketing Arm of Pharmaceutical Companies. PLoS Med 2005;2(5): e138. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020138
3. Copyright, Permissions, and Creative Commons Licenses
Andrew Wible, Senior Manager, Rights, Licensing & Partnerships; Wolters Kluwer Health Learning, Research & Practice
Miranda Walker, Associate Director, Medical Journals; Wolters Kluwer Health Learning, Research & Practice
Aaron Weinstein, Editorial Director, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and PRS Global Open, American Society of Plastic Surgeons
Rod J. Rohrich, MD; Editor Emeritus, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and PRS Global Open
Margaret A. Winker, MD; Trustee and Past President, WAME
- What is copyright and what are the copyright options for journals, including Creative Commons licenses; where journals should display copyright and permissions statements; and when, how, and from whom permissions to republish content should be obtained
References
Copyright. WIPO. https://www.wipo.int/copyright/en Accessed January 12, 2024.
2. Work for Hire. Free Legal Document. https://www.free-legal-document.com/work-for-hire.html Accessed January 12, 2024.
3. WIPO. https://www.wipo.int/portal/en/index.html Accessed January 12, 2024.
4. Guide to the Copyright and Related Rights Treaties Administered by WIPO and Glossary of Copyright and Related Rights Terms. WIPO. https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/copyright/891/wipo_pub_89pdf Accessed January 12, 2024.
5. A Brief History of Copyright in the United States. U.S.Copyright Office. https://www.copyright.gov/timeline Accessed January 28, 2024.
6. Statute of Anne. Great Britain [1710]. Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Statute-of-Anne Accessed January 28, 2024.
7. The 18th Century. Timeline. U.S. Copyright Office. https://www.copyright.gov/timeline/timeline_18th_century.html Accessed January 28, 2024.
8. Berne Convention. WIPO-Administered Treaties. WIPO. https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/treaties/ShowResults?start_year=ANY&end_year=ANY&search_what=C&code=ALL&treaty_id=15 Accessed January 12, 2024.
9. WIPO Copyright Treaty, World Intellectual Property Organization, December 20, 1996. http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/text.jsp?file_id=295166 Accessed January 28, 2024.
10. Assembly (WIPO Copyright Treaty). WIPO-Administered Treaties. WIPO. https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/treaties/ShowResults?search_what=B&bo_id=17 Accessed February 29, 2024.
1 Directive 2001/29 - Harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society. EU Monitor. https://www.eumonitor.eu/9353000/1/j4nvk6yhcbpeywk_j9vvik7m1c3gyxp/vitgbgi903zc Accessed February 29, 2024.
12. Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17). U.S. Copyright Office. https://www.copyright.gov/title17 Accessed January 28, 2024
13. The E.U.’s Digital Single Market & Digital Strategy. International and Foreign Cyberspace Law Research Guide. Georgetown Law Library. https://guides.ll.georgetown.edu/cyberspace/eu-digital-single-market Accessed February 29, 2024.
14. High-level summary of the AI Act. Feb 27, 2024. EU Artificial Intelligence Act. https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/high-level-summary/ Accessed February 29, 2024.
15. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0). Joinup. European Commission. https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/licence/creative-commons-attribution-40-international-cc-40 Accessed January 12, 2024.
16. Share Your Work. Creative Commons. https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/ Accessed January 28, 2024.
17. Creative Commons. https://creativecommons.org/ Accessed January 28, 2024.
18. CC0. Creative Commons. https://creativecommons.org/public-domain/cc0/ Accessed January 28, 2024.
19. Wolters Kluwer Health Permissions. Wolters Kluwer. https://shop.lww.com/journal-permission Accessed January 28, 2024.
20. Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing. COPE, DOAJ, OASPA, WAME. Version 4.0. https://wame.org/principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing#Journal%20content Accessed January 28, 2024.
2 Permission: What Is It and Why Do I Need It? Copyright & Fair Use. Stanford Libraries. https://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/introduction/permission Accessed January 28, 2024.
22. Permissions Guidelines. Intellectual Property. STM. http://www.stm-assoc.org/copyright-legal-affairs/permissions/permissions-guidelines/ Accessed January 28, 2024.
23. RightsLink for Scientific Communications. CCC. https://www.copyright.com/solutions-rightslink-scientific-communications Accessed January 28, 2024.
24. Request permission to use content from books, journals, magazines, and websites. PLSClear. https://plsclear.com/Home/Index Accessed January 28, 2024.
25. Limitations and Exceptions in Copyright Law for Educational and Research Activities. WIPO. https://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/copyright/en/ompi_da_sdo_19/ompi_da_sdo_19_education.pdf Accessed January 12, 2024.
26. The Three-Step Test. Electronic Frontier Foundation. https://www.eff.org/files/filenode/three-step_test_fnl.pdf Accessed January 12, 2024.
27. 107. Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use. Chapter 11: Subject Matter and Scope of Copyright. Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17). US Copyright Office. https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chaphtml#107 Accessed January 28, 2024.
28. More Information on Fair Use. U.S. Copyright Office Fair Use Index. US Copyright Office. https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/more-info.html Accessed January 28, 2024.
4. Journal Metrics and Evaluating Journal Performance
Amitabh Prakash, MBBS, MD, FIPS, FIACS; Editor in Chief, Clinical Pharmacokinetics (New Zealand)
- What are citation metrics, including the Journal Impact Factor, CiteFactor, h index, and other metrics; how they are calculated, and by whom; their pros and cons; other metrics journals can use to measure their performance
References
1. San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment. https://sfdora.org/read/ Accessed January 21, 2024.
2. Garfield E. Citation indexes for science; a new dimension in documentation through association of ideas. Science. 1955;122(3159):108-1
3. McVeigh ME, Mann SJ. The journal impact factor denominator: defining citable (counted) items. JAMA. 2009;302(10):1107-9.
4. Garfield E. Journal impact factor: a brief review. CMAJ. 1999;161(8):979-80.
5. Van Noorden R. Brazilian citation scheme outed. Nature. 2013;500(7464):510-
6. Balaban AT. Positive and negative aspects of citation indices and journal impact factors. Scientometrics. 2012;92:241-7.
7. Bensman SJ. The impact factor: its place in Garfield’s thought, in science evaluation, and in library collection management. Scientometrics. 2012;92:263-75
8. Buela-Casal G, Zych I. What do the scientists think about the impact factor? Scientometrics. 2012;92:281-92.
9. Companario JM. Some research ideas on Journal Impact Factors as a crucial topic in science dynamics. Scientometrics. 2012;92:293-5.
10. Gonzalez-Alcaide G, Valderrama-Zurian JC, Aleixandre-Benavent R. The Impact Factor in non-English-speaking countries. Scientometrics. 2012;92:297-31
1 Hartley J. To cite or not to cite: author self-citations and the impact factor. Scientometrics. 2012;92:313-7.
12. Ingwersen P. The pragmatics of a diachronic journal impact factor. Scientometrics. 2012;92:319-24.
13. Jasco P. Grim tales about the impact factor and the h-index in the Web of Science and the Journal Citation Reports databases: reflections on Vanclay’s criticism. Scientometrics. 2012;92:325-54.
14. Leeuwen TV. Discussing some basic critique on Journal Impact Factors: revision of earlier comments. Scientometrics. 2012;92:443-55.
15. Moed HF, Colledge L, Reedijk J, et al. Citation-based metrics are appropriate tools in journal assessment provided that they are accurate and used in an informed way. Scientometrics. 2012;92:367-76.
16. Smith DR. Impact factors, scientometrics and the history of citation-based research. Scientometrics. 2012;92:419-27.
17. Van Raan AFJ. Properties of journal impact in relation to bibliometric research group performance indicators. Scientometrics. 2012;92:457-69.
18. Vanclay JK. Impact factor: outdated artefact or stepping-stone to journal certification? Scientometrics. 2012;92:211–38.
19. Vinkler P. The Garfield impact factor, one of the fundamental indicators in scientometrics. Scientometrics. 2012;92:471-83.
20. Zitt M. The journal impact factor: angel, devil, or scapegoat? A comment on J.K. Vanclay’s article 201 Scientometrics. 2012;92:485-503.
2 Pendlebury DA, Adams J. Comments on a critique of the Thomson Reuters journal impact factor. Scientometrics. 2012;2012:395-40
22. Increasing Citations and Improving Your Impact Factor. SAGE Publishing. 2017. https://au.sagepub.com/en-gb/oce/increasing-citations-and-improving-your-impact-factor Accessed December 14, 2017. [no longer available]
23. Garfield E. How can impact factors be improved? BMJ. 1996;313:411-3.
24. Brody S. Impact factor: Imperfect but not yet replaceable. Scientometrics. 2013;96(1):255-7.
25. Garfield E. Impact factors, and why they won't go away. Nature. 2001;411(6837):522.
26. Hoeffel C. Journal impact factors. Allergy. 1998;53(12):1225.
27. Cochran A. The Mystery of a “Partial” Impact Factor. The Scholarly Kitchen. 2014. https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2014/08/21/the-mystery-of-a-partial-impact-factor/ Accessed January 30, 2024.
28. Hubbard S. What's next for JCR: defining ‘early access’. Nov 24, 2020. Clarivate. https://clarivate.com/blog/whats-next-for-jcr-defining-early-access/ Accessed January 21, 2024.
29. Introducing the Journal Citation Indicator. Clarivate. https://clarivate.com/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2021/05/Journal-Citation-Indicator-discussion-paper.pdf Accessed January 21, 2024.
30. Mangan R. Journal Citation Reports Essentials: Make confident, data-driven decisions for collections management and manuscript submissions. November 2022. Clarivate. https://clarivate.com/webofsciencegroup/support/support-jcr/ Accessed January 21, 2024.
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34. Bergstrom C. Eigenfactor: Measuring the value and prestige of scholarly journals. College & Research Libraries News. 2007;68(5):314-6.
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36. Bergstrom CT, West J. Comparing Impact Factor and Scopus CiteScore. 2016. http://eigenfactor.org/projects/posts/citescore.php Accessed January 21, 2024.
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42. How is the Altmetric Attention Score calculated? Almetric. https://help.altmetric.com/support/solutions/articles/6000233311-how-is-the-altmetric-attention-score-calculated Accessed January 21, 2024.
43. Bornmann L, Haunschild R. Do bibliometrics and altmetrics correlate with the quality of papers? A large-scale empirical study based on F1000Prime, altmetrics, and citation data. PLoS One. 2018;13(5):e0197133. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197133
44. Ortega JL. Academic journals with a presence on Twitter are more widely disseminated and receive a higher number of citations. LSE Impact Blog. 2017. http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2017/12/04/academic-journals-with-a-presence-on-twitter-are-more-widely-disseminated-and-receive-a-higher-number-of-citations/ Accessed January 21, 2024.
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46. Gutierrez FR, Beall J, Forero DA. Spurious alternative impact factors: The scale of the problem from an academic perspective. Bioessays. 2015;37(5):474-6.
47. Solomon DJ. A survey of authors publishing in four megajournals. PeerJ. 2014;2:e365 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.365
48. Jalalian M, Mahboobi H. New corruption detected: Bogus impact factors compiled by fake organizations. Electronic Physician. 2013;5(3):685-6.
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